Adventure Tourism-Free-Samples for Students-Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Identify a real market segment and demonstrate an understanding of its needs, wants, and willingness and ability to pay for the proposed tourism product/service. Answer: Introduction: Adventure Tourism refers to a distinct form of tourism that enables the tourists and travellers experience an adrenalin rush and derive thrilling experience from the places visited. Australia is regarded as the best place for adventure tourism, simply because the country offers exciting opportunity to the travellers to undertake adventurous activities in various parts- Gold Coast, Canberra, and Gold Coast. The adventure tourism in Australia allows its travellers to enjoy adventurous activities starting with rock climbing, skiing, snowboarding, to parasailing and bungee jumping (Pomfret, 2006). While the number of domestic visitors participating in adventure tourism in Australia remains as high as always, the majority of the participants are international tourists, and after Europe, the largest overnight adventure tourism participants were coming from Asia, especially China (Jin Sparks, 2017). Considering the increasing popularity of adventure tourism amongst the people of Asia, the present business plan intends to attract the attention of the Asian tourist base, who might be likely to be thrilled about undertaking adventure tourism in Australia. The Northern Territory of Australia has been chosen, where the travellers can be led to the forest, where they can explore shady monsoon forest lands, and ancient rock art, while also getting thrilled at the sight of wildlife existence. Arnhem Land is one of the true wilderness areas that the tourists might wish to explore, which is not only popular as the most spectacular natural destination, but also as a habitat to abundant wildlife that includes salt water crocodiles, dugong, buffalo, migratory birds and nesting turtles (McLennan et al., 2017).Besides, the place is also known as a great fishing spot that is sure to appeal to the taste and choice of the adventure tourists. However, despite the immense potential of the area to a ttract the attention of the tourists, it is important to critically analyse the prospects of such a tourist service offering as far as Asian consumer base is concerned, and to comprehend how far the Asian market shall permit its consumers to spend money in such tourist activities. Further, the report, presenting a market plan, also intends to chalk out branding and promotional strategies that can help in attracting the attention of the potential consumer base. Market Analysis: The adventure tourism industry is still considerably young and a newly emerging one, and even twenty years from today, this form of tourism was completely unheard of. As of now, almost half of the international tourists are travelling to Australia are adventure tourists, and the average duration of their stay at Australian adventure tourist spots is approximately 15 days. Compared to the year of 2013, the year of 2014 witnessed a considerable rise in the number of international tourists coming to Australia for this form of tourism (Ruhanen et al., 2015). There are very few tourist companies in Australia that are offering tours and trips to the adventure tourists. Although Adventure Tours Australia (ATA) does offer adventure tourism service to the people of Australia and abroad, it is suitable for the active budget tourists only. Herein lays the competitive advantage of the organization to permeate the market and attract the attention of the tourist consumers (Khan, 1999). Despite the explosive growth of tourism in Australia and abroad, there is very little scope of adventure tourism in the Asian countries. It should be noted in this connection that adventure tourism is defined as a guided tour activity, that involves outdoor recreation that offers excitement to the client through visiting the sights of the natural terrain as well as offering specialized equipments. However, due to the huge expenses involved, most of the commercial adventure tourist activities involve nothing beyond mere skiing and surfing activities across the Australian locations. It approximately takes $400 for a single person to travel to Australia and experience adventure tourism (Ruhanen et al., 2015). Needless to state, that the living cost in Australia is high, and the accommodation and travelling cost is even higher. The market of adventure tourism is highly competitive, with most of the companies charging higher each day, simply because of the growing popularity of this form of tourism amongst the young people, who are mostly reckless while spending money as well. Most importantly, the cost of hiring specially trained guides, in supporting the adventurous activities of the tourists as well as the specialized equipments provided to the tourists add up to make the travel highly experience. In such a situation, while most of the companies are charging exorbitant amount of money, the selection of adventure tourism along the forest of Arnhem Land is sure to cost low. It will present an array of nature and adventure based activities, which will require less supervision and equipments that in other cases would have made the tourist activity expensive. The people can wander around the local place, and experience adventure simply by having camp meals, that will be an integral aspect of the adventure prog ram only, and this can also save the accommodation expenses as well. According to a research study conducted by West Australia Tourism Research, a tourist opting for Adventure Tourism will tend to look out for four aspects- Unique natural scenery Exploration of the local culture Pristine natural environment Beautiful coastal scenery By satisfying the above criteria by taking the travellers through the forest regions of Australia, it is possible to satisfy the requirements of the tourists at a cheap cost. As and when a tourist company tries to provide hard adventure trips to its consumers, it is likely to lose out on its consumers, for the higher expenses involved as well as the higher risk factors involved therein as well (Beech, J. and Chadwick, 2006). Research suggests that as far as the international tourist market of Australia is concerned, Australia ranks first. However, other countries such as India and Japan are exhibiting equal enthusiasm in exploring beyond Melbourne and Sydney, and taste the local flavours of the regional, remote locations of Australia. Since this is expected to be cheaper, this is expected to be highly profitable for the tourists here. However, despite their intense passion for adventure, the tourists coming from Asian continent are still non-athletic by nature, and hence soft adventu re activities can do wonders for them. Situation Analysis: In order to critically analyse the future prospects of the tourist company in future, a SWOT analysis has been conducted, explaining the strength, weakness, opportunity and threat of the company in the Australian market. Strength Weakness Low cost of operation Highly competitive price for the tourist product and services Unique, high-end service offering Soft adventure activities and sigh-seeing to make the experience unique Newly emerging company, and lacks recognition in the domestic and foreign market Targeted customer base located in Asia with whom it is difficult to establish connection Low price strategy at the beginning may lead to financial loss at the start Opportunity Threat Promote sustainable tourism and attract consumer attention and government investment Growing popularity amongst the millennial to undertake adventure tourism in the less explored regions of Australia The adventure tourist market is expected to grow at the rate of 10% (Huveneers et al., 2017). The Asian GDP is unstable, with Chinas GDP dropping to a 26 year low, whereby tourist may not immediately opt for luxurious and unnecessary activities (Divisekera Nguyen, 2014) Lack of trained and skilled tourist guides can hinder companys growth Intense competition from ATA, Intrepid Travel, Cosmos and Globus. Competitor Analysis: It is also important to develop an understanding of the competitors of the tourist company, as it needs to formulate its strategies accordingly. First of all, the major competitors in the market are ATA, Interprid Travel, Cosmos and Globus who are recognized tourist service providers and can easily become the first choice of the tourists coming from a different continent. Besides, Kangaroo Island Adventure Tours, Wilderness 4WD Adventures, Adventure North are some of the less recognized competitors who however can pose threat to the present company owing to high quality services at extremely competitive prices. Branding Position: Brand Name and Marketing Image: Positioning of a product is defined as a strategy adopted by a business organization to create a perception within the consumers regarding a specific product or service. Accordingly, brand positioning is an important concept that helps the organizations generate a meaningful image or identity for the product through which the consumer can associate with the core values of the company or the fundamental attributes of its services (Aarstad et al., 2015). There is no point denying the fact that branding has become an inextricable part of product marketing, and as consumers are flooded with too many tourist products and services to choose from, it is important for the tourist company to stand out of its competitors (Page Connell, 2006). As far as tourist branding of the company is concerned, it is primarily important to develop an understanding of the core brand values that the company is connecting itself with. As it is a well-known fact the brand name represents the unique brand value s of an organization that helps to distinguish its service from its competitors. The core brand values of this company are : Adventurous as it intends to attract the attention of the young, energetic and passionate travellers Natural as it helps in connecting the tourists with the natural environment of the forest regions of the Northern Territory Fun and daring as it offers an opportunity to the travellers to explore beyond the mediocre, monotonous daily life. Since the brand name of the tourist company is bound to offer a visual representation of the companys unique product characteristics, both functional and non-functional, keeping a meaningful brand name in compliance with the core brand values (Okonkwo, 2016). Accordingly, the brand name Off-roads Ecstasy has been chosen. It is also important to explain the reason behind the choice of this name. The very word Off-roads implies doing something off the track, something exceptionally adventurous, that few people would lack the courage to do. On the other hand, since the company also intends to help the travellers explore the tranquil, natural beauty of an exotic culture that the tourists must feel ecstatic about, the word Ecstasy has also been added to the brand name. The very brand name is sure to excite the tourists of the foreign location, and owing to the absence of hard adventure activities, the company uses a brand name that is not essentially suggesting any hard core physical acti vity. The marketing image also plays a crucial role in this connection as it will help the consumers associate with the brand and form meaningful connections. The consumer base that the company intends to attract comprises of Asian tourists, especially from China and India, belonging to the age group of 18 to 35 years. Accordingly, the marketing image should be one that must appeal to the enthusiastic mindset of the young, active and passionate tourists, and hence the use of prominent logo and relevant slogan is highly required (Dowling Donnelly, 2013). At the very same time, it should be noted that the tourists undertaking the tourist service of the Off-roads Ecstasy will also look for the opportunity of cherishing the natural environment of the forests, its greenery and interacting with the Aboriginal people of the region. Hence, a mixture of a robust adventure and delightful journey needs to be expressed through the logo. Accordingly, the logo chosen for the company is as follows: As seen from the above image, the logo image is clearly suggesting refreshment and relaxation derived through experiencing a beautiful natural scenario, while also suggesting thhe beautiful opportunity of a rocky, daring adventures to be enjoyed by the tourists at the very same time as well. It is important here that the company will promote its sustainable approach to tourism, while marketing its service and the use of green colour in the logo will help in reinforcing the same. It should be remembered that brand image creation is an integral aspect of the brand promotion of any company (Lim et al., 20 e brand image that can help in rendering a sense of uniqueness to the product. Since the core 14). Accordingly, it is important to create a strong, favourable and most importantly a unique brand values of the company, as promoted through its logo, suggests the opportunity for relaxation as well as adventure, the non-athletic consumer base will get attracted to this company only, and th is in turn will reduce the substitutability of the company. The selection of an effective and interesting slogan is equally important as it helps in reinforcing the sense of brand. According to academic literature, the destination marketers often use slogans related directly to the geographical position of the destination that the consumer is anyway aware of. Hence, conveying more inspirational and concrete message about the brand is important. The Asian people are still unaware of the existence of the forests across the Northern Territory, and hence the use of geographical names of the tourist destinations will fail to allure the consumers. The slogan chosen for this tourist company is Live it, Feel it, Believe it. Since most of the travellers are coming from Asia, the slogan will create an urge of travelling and exploring the unexplored region of the Northern Territory forests, and the word believe clearly will rouse enthusiasm to see the unseen and to explore the unexplored (Aaker, 2013). While one will be motivated to live through the for est adventures, the idea of feeling refreshed at the sight of the delicate beauty of nature will also arouse love amongst the tourists. Chosen Market Segment: Identification of Needs, Wants and Willingness to Pay for Service: The market segmentation is highly important as it helps the tourist company determine who the expected consumer base is, how to target them, and how to promote the products before the relevant customer base as well. As far as the market segment of Off-roads Ecstasy is concerned, the company intends to attract the attention of the tourists of Asia engaged in recreational activities and enjoying active lifestyles. Since the service offered is adventure tourism, the company intends to focus primarily on the male tourists as they tend to wander for adventure as well. The age group of the adventure tourists will be between 18 years to 40 years, and the marital status of the consumer base will be mostly unmarried, though a few married couples may also admire the idea of undertaking adventures. The target consumer base will comprise of the travellers from Asia- China and India. Although offering tourist service at a highly competitive price is one of the most attractive features of the comp any, yet adventure tourist activities will require sufficient expenditure on part of the company, and hence the consumers belonging to the upper middle class to upper class of the society will be only targeted. The household income of the tourists must be above $50,000 (Horner Swarbrooke, 2016). As far as the psychographic segmentation of the consumers is concerned, it should be noted that the adventurous, passionate, energetic and yet nature-loving tourists have only been targeted (Gunter Furnham, 2014). The tourist consumers are fitness freaks, as only then will they be attracted to the natural beauty of the forests and would invest money on the outdoor activities in the forest areas. However, since these forest tourist adventure activities are less physically demanding, and the Asian people do not prefer hard adventure activities, the soft adventure lovers, non-athletic people have been targeted. Tourist Service to be offered: Adventure tourism is primarily a tourist activity that helps in offering experience to the tourists, and hence it is important to understand the possible tourist services to be offered by Off-roads Ecstasy. The first and foremost service to be offered is Wildlife Safari. The tourists will be able to enjoy bird watching activities in the forests of the Northern Territories, especially Arnhem Land. The tourists will also be guided to the Arafura Swamp, the very popular diverse wetland that is popular for being a habitat to over 3, 00,000 waterbirds (Moyle et al., 2014). The exploration of the nearby woods while watching the playful activities of the Magpie Geese, Egrets and Brolgas will be thrilling to the tourists looking for adventures. The tourists will also be taken to Kakadu which is famous for the Kakadu National Park, where the tourists can be left to explore the natural surrounding as well as nature and wildness adventures. Under proper guidance of the tourist guides, the adven ture tourists will be allowed to experience the Roos kangaroos bouncing about the bushlands, dingoes stalking along the rocky outcrops, dugongs wallowing off the coast as well as the crocodiles patrolling the waters of the famous Alligator River. The tourist service here will include Wildlife Safari, sightseeing, swimming at the waterfalls as well as camping at nights and eating the bush food as well. Next, apart from this, tourist guided service through professionally experienced, local residents of Australia will also be provided by the company, so as to lead and guide the tourists in exploring the ancient and native cultures of the Northern Territory regions. The tourist guide services will help the tourists gain understanding about the local culture of the remote areas located nearby, as well as know the names of the special plants, wild animals and landscapes as observed by them along the forest belts (Tapar et al., 2017). At the same time, outdoor activities will also be an important service to be offered here, and rock climbing, animal hunting under supervision, camping, climbing on balance logs, Tarzan swings and fishing and bird watching are the outdoor activities offered by Off-roads Ecstasy (Hassan Shahnewaz, 2014). Apart from local food and wine service, aboriginal safari is also an important service to be provided. The aboriginal safari will help in environmental as well as cultural interpretation of the forest areas by the local indigenous tourist guides only (Divisekera Nguyen, 2014). Maps of Location and Pictures of Places to be Visited: Figure 1: Maps of the Locations to be Visited Source: (Divisekera Nguyen, 2014) Figure 2: Wildlife Safari Along the Forest Locations in the Northern Territory Source: (Divisekera Nguyen, 2014) Tourist Service Distribution: Market Entry and Promotion: Understanding the distribution system is highly important for any company, and it is doubly important for an emerging company like Off-roads Ecstasy as the company still requires recognition. Direct and indirect marketing efforts are required for proper distribution of the tourist services. Since the company intends to target the young, enthusiastic and passionate group of tourists, the best way to reach out to them will be through online social media tools. First of all, the official website of the company will be filled up with multiple adventure photos of the sights, forests and wildlife adventure activities undertaken by the tourists along the Northern Territory (Armstrong et al., 2015). Google + will be utilized in exploring the interest of the Asian people, and on identifying travel and adventure as the interests or favourite activities of the Facebook users, the website link of the company along with details of the service will be sent. Next, the videos, audios and photos of t he forests will also be shared on Instagram. Since most of the adventure travellers read National Geographic and National Geographic Traveller, and similar magazines, promotional content will be published on these magazines only. The above strategies are known as the direct transaction, and the second category is called the indirect distribution system that involves the intervention of third-party sellers in promoting the company. Accordingly, the company will also employ the help of online travel agencies, who in lieu of payment, will contain a link to the official website of the company, and will promote the tourist service offered by Off-roads Ecstasy. Besides, the company will also employ the use of the government run websites, which will offer assistance in promoting he company, considering the huge profit it is likely to generate for the government as well as the sustainability initiative in tourism that the company is promoting. Since the company is new, and is far from having experienced recognition, the retail travel agents as well as the inbound tour operators will be hired to promote the tourist services of the company as well. The tourist consumers willing to avail the service of Off-roads Ecstasy, will require to contact the management authority via the official website or by mailing them on the given address provided on the website. On successful payment of the entire package, they will be offered a ticket which they will require to carry with them, while coming to Australia. They will be offered the opportunity to select a minimum of two and maximum of four of the aforementioned services, and as per their choice, the cost will be determined. Marketing Mix (4 Ps): The marketing 4 Ps help in understanding how an organization can adopt the effective business strategies that can promote the new product in the market in the most effective way, attracting sales growth as well. Accordingly, the Marketing Mix to be adopted has been explained here: Product: The first and foremost service to be offered is Wildlife Safari. The tourists will be able to enjoy bird watching activities in the forests of the Northern Territories, especially Arnhem Land. The tourist guide services will help the tourists gain understanding about the local culture of the remote areas located nearby, as well as know the names of the special plants, wild animals and landscapes as observed by them along the forest belts (Tapar et al., 2017). At the same time, outdoor activities will also be an important service to be offered here, and rock climbing, animal hunting under supervision, camping, climbing on balance logs, Tarzan swings and fishing and bird watching are the outdoor activities offered by Off-roads Ecstasy (Hassan Shahnewaz, 2014). Apart from local food and wine service, aboriginal safari is also an important service to be provided. Price: Since the company is an emerging one, the low price strategy will be adopted to gain competitive edge over the competitors. Place: The company will also employ the help of online travel agencies, who in lieu of payment, will contain a link to the official website of the company, and will promote the tourist service offered by Off-roads Ecstasy. Besides, the company will also employ the use of the government run websites, which will offer assistance in promoting he company, considering the huge profit it is likely to generate for the government as well as the sustainability initiative in tourism that the company is promoting. Since the company is new, and is far from having experienced recognition, the retail travel agents as well as the inbound tour operators will be hired to promote the tourist services of the company as well. Promotion: Since the company intends to attract the young target population, social media will be mostly used for the tourist service promotion. Google + will be utilized in exploring the interest of the Asian people, and on identifying travel and adventure as the interests or favourite activities of the Facebook users, the website link of the company along with details of the service will be sent. Next, the videos, audios and photos of the forests will also be shared on Instagram. Besides, most of the adventure travellers read National Geographic and National Geographic Traveller, and similar magazines, promotional content will be published on these magazines only. Sales and Profit Estimation: Adventure tourism is a field of tourism that is expected to grow at a steady rate over the coming years, and accordingly investment in these areas is expected to be highly profitable. However, while trying to estimate the profit, it should be remembered that the company is still a new one, and lacks recognition. Consequently, in the first few years, its revenue earning capacity may be limited. This is especially because the company is likely to experience intense competition from ATA, Intrepid Travel, Cosmos and Globus, in the initial years, which are far more recognized all over the world. However, the aggressive promotional strategies can help in adding brand value to the company. At present, China is experiencing an economic downturn, while India is still recovering from its sluggish economic growth. Hence, investment in these areas may not immediately bring in profit. Besides, in order to attract consumer attention, the company is following a low price strategy, and although rela tively cheaper and unexplored forest location will compensate the loss to an extent, the outdoor adventure activities involving shuttles, maps, and rental equipments may lead the company to loss during the initial years. Conclusion: Although Off-roads Ecstasy seems to have bright prospects in future, it is recommended that the company keeps track of its marketing activities and monitors the sales growth over the years, to have an idea regarding the sales prospects of the company. Since tourism is a service-based industry, it is also important to employ experienced professional experts, and upgrade the skills of the aboriginal tourist guides. Further, incorporating sustainability in the marketing efforts of the company is equally important Reference List: Aaker, D. A. (2013).Brand relevance: Making competitors irrelevant. Jossey-Bass. Aarstad, J., Ness, H., Haugland, S. A. (2015). Network position and tourism firms' co-branding practice.Journal of Business Research,68(8), 1667-1677. Armstrong, G., Kotler, P., Harker, M., Brennan, R. (2015).Marketing: an introduction. Pearson Education. Australia ISBN: 9781844801985 Beech, J. Chadwick, S. (2006). The Business of Tourism Management Prentice Hall. Pearson Education Australia ISBN: 9780273688013 Divisekera, S., Nguyen, V. (2014, November). Regional variations in tourist consumption patterns: a model of demand for domestic tourism in Australia. InNara Tourism Statistics Week/13th Global Forum on Tourism Statistics, Nara, Japan(pp. 17-21). Divisekera, S., Nguyen, V. (2014, November). Regional variations in tourist consumption patterns: a model of demand for domestic tourism in Australia. InNara Tourism Statistics Week/13th Global Forum on Tourism Statistics, Nara, Japan(pp. 17-21). Dowling, P. J., Donnelly, N. (2013). Managing people in global marketsThe Asia Pacific perspective. Gunter, B., Furnham, A. (2014).Consumer Profiles (RLE Consumer Behaviour): An Introduction to Psychographics(Vol. 5). Routledge. Hassan, M. M., Shahnewaz, M. (2014). Measuring tourist service satisfaction at destination: A case study of Coxs Bazar sea beach, Bangladesh.American Journal of Tourism Management,3(1), 32-43. Horner, S., Swarbrooke, J. (2016).Consumer behaviour in tourism. Routledge. Huveneers, C., Meekan, M. G., Apps, K., Ferreira, L. C., Pannell, D., Vianna, G. M. (2017). The economic value of shark-diving tourism in Australia.Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries,27(3), 665-680. Jin, X. C., Sparks, B. (2017). Barriers to offering special interest tour products to the Chinese outbound group market.Tourism Management,59, 205-215. Khan, M. (1999). Restaurant Franchising. (2nd edn.) John Wiley Sons NY. ISBN: 9780471291947 Lim, S., Chae, H., Jeon, H. (2014). The Effect of Experience Marketing on Brand Attitude and Brand Loyalty of Beauty Salon Franchise Stores.Fashion business,18(5), 42-55. McLennan, C. L. J., Becken, S., Moyle, B. D. (2017). Framing in a contested space: Media reporting on tourism and mining in Australia.Current Issues in Tourism,20(9), 960-980. Moyle, B. D., McLennan, C. L. J., Ruhanen, L., Weiler, B. (2014). Tracking the concept of sustainability in Australian tourism policy and planning documents.Journal of Sustainable Tourism,22(7), 1037-1051. Okonkwo, U. (2016).Luxury fashion branding: trends, tactics, techniques. Springer. Page, S. Connell, J. (2006). Tourism. A Modern Synthesis (2nd edn.) Thomson Learning Pomfret, G. (2016).An exploration of adventure tourism participation and consumption(Doctoral dissertation, Sheffield Hallam University). Ruhanen, L., Whitford, M., McLennan, C. L. (2015). Indigenous tourism in Australia: Time for a reality check.Tourism Management,48, 73-83. Tapar, A. V., Dhaigude, A. S., Jawed, M. S. (2017). Customer experience-based satisfaction and behavioural intention in adventure tourism: exploring the mediating role of commitment.Tourism Recreation Research, 1-12.

Free Essays on The Fall Of Fidel Castro

Fidel collapsed today before thousands at an outdoor rally. This is a reminder to all sides of the political struggle that no one is immortal. Fidel Castro is an old man who is closer to death than he was forty years ago. His rambling speech broadcast over Telemundo recently, and passing out at a public forum serves as evidence to back up the previous sentence. This brings us to one of the lies spread by the regime that has been imbibed by almost everyone on the planet, and especially Cuban exiles. The myth is that nothing will change in Cuba until Fidel Castro dies, then the system will end with him. If I believed that to be true I would’ve never gotten involved in the struggle for a free Cuba, and sat around waiting for biology to take its course. However, it is not true. If we look back through the history of tyrants: Lenin, Stalin, Mao, Papa Doc, the Somozas, Kim il Sung, Ho Chi Minh, and a list tragically too long to list here, then you’ll find that when tyrants di e these evil tyrannies have replacements that are equally as evil. Let me provide two notorious examples. The first tyrant of the Soviet Union was Lenin. During Lenin’s tenure outsiders could even claim that the regime had moderated with its New Economic Policy that allowed foreign investment and limited amounts of capitalism to keep the regime from collapsing completely. Did this early engagement of trade with the Soviet Union in the 1920s have a big pay off? Was there a turn to democracy or greater economic liberalization? Lenin died a transition or should I say succession took place. The answer to the previous questions is given with the name Josef Stalin and the murder of 50 million Russians at the hand of their own government. Communism didn’t fall in the Soviet Union or Eastern Europe because of the death of a tyrant, or because of economic engagement. Communism didn’t fall it was pushed. It was knocked down abroad by the effective foreign policy o... Free Essays on The Fall Of Fidel Castro Free Essays on The Fall Of Fidel Castro Fidel collapsed today before thousands at an outdoor rally. This is a reminder to all sides of the political struggle that no one is immortal. Fidel Castro is an old man who is closer to death than he was forty years ago. His rambling speech broadcast over Telemundo recently, and passing out at a public forum serves as evidence to back up the previous sentence. This brings us to one of the lies spread by the regime that has been imbibed by almost everyone on the planet, and especially Cuban exiles. The myth is that nothing will change in Cuba until Fidel Castro dies, then the system will end with him. If I believed that to be true I would’ve never gotten involved in the struggle for a free Cuba, and sat around waiting for biology to take its course. However, it is not true. If we look back through the history of tyrants: Lenin, Stalin, Mao, Papa Doc, the Somozas, Kim il Sung, Ho Chi Minh, and a list tragically too long to list here, then you’ll find that when tyrants di e these evil tyrannies have replacements that are equally as evil. Let me provide two notorious examples. The first tyrant of the Soviet Union was Lenin. During Lenin’s tenure outsiders could even claim that the regime had moderated with its New Economic Policy that allowed foreign investment and limited amounts of capitalism to keep the regime from collapsing completely. Did this early engagement of trade with the Soviet Union in the 1920s have a big pay off? Was there a turn to democracy or greater economic liberalization? Lenin died a transition or should I say succession took place. The answer to the previous questions is given with the name Josef Stalin and the murder of 50 million Russians at the hand of their own government. Communism didn’t fall in the Soviet Union or Eastern Europe because of the death of a tyrant, or because of economic engagement. Communism didn’t fall it was pushed. It was knocked down abroad by the effective foreign policy o...

How To Streak a Bacterial Culture

How To Streak a Bacterial Culture Bacterial culture streaking allows bacteria to reproduce on a culture medium in a controlled environment. The process involves spreading bacteria across an agar plate and allowing them to incubate at a certain temperature for a period of time. Bacterial streaking can be used to identify and isolate pure bacterial colonies from a mixed population. Microbiologists use bacterial and other microbial culture streaking methods to identify microorganisms and to diagnose infection. What You Need: Culture plate with microorganismsInoculating loop or sterile toothpicksAgar platesBunsen burner or another flame producing instrumentGlovesTape Heres How: While wearing gloves, sterilize an inoculating loop by placing it at an angle over a flame. The loop should turn orange before you remove it from the flame. A sterile toothpick may be substituted for the inoculating loop. Do not place toothpicks over a flame.Remove the lid from a culture plate containing the desired microorganism.Cool the inoculating loop by stabbing it into the agar in a spot that does not contain a bacterial colony.Pick a colony and scrape off a little of the bacteria using the loop. Be sure to close the lid.Using a new agar plate, lift the lid just enough to insert the loop.Streak the loop containing the bacteria at the top end of the agar plate moving in a zig-zag horizontal pattern until 1/3 of the plate is covered.Sterilize the loop again in the flame and cool it at the edge of the agar away from the bacteria in the plate that you just streaked.Rotate the plate about 60 degrees and spread the bacteria from the end of the first streak into a second area using th e same motion in step 6. Sterilize the loop again using the procedure in step 7.Rotate the plate about 60 degrees and spread the bacteria from the end of the second streak into a new area in the same pattern.Sterilize the loop again.Replace the lid and secure with tape. Invert the plate and incubate overnight at 37 degrees Celsius (98.6 degrees Fahrenheit).You should see bacterial cells growing along the streaks and in isolated areas. Tips: When sterilizing the inoculating loop, make sure that the entire loop turns orange before using on the agar plates.When streaking the agar with the loop, be sure to keep the loop horizontal and only streak the surface of the agar.If using sterile toothpicks, use a new toothpick when performing each new streak. Throw all used toothpicks away. Safety: When growing bacterial colonies, you will be dealing with millions of bacteria. It is important that you follow all lab safety rules. Precautions should be taken to ensure that you dont inhale, ingest, or allow these germs to touch your skin. Bacterial plates should be kept closed and secured with tape while incubating. Any unwanted bacterial plates should be disposed of properly by placing them in an autoclave to kill the bacteria before discarding them. Household bleach may also be poured over the bacterial colonies to destroy them.

Module 5 Discussion Questions Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Module 5 Discussion Questions - Article Example Interoperability among all hospitals in the United States cannot be reengineered if there is no data (Kleinke, 2011). There is no doubt that America cannot truly reform its healthcare delivery, and that America will never be able to attain real accountability of quality and cost until they have healthcare data, which are computerized effectively. Trying to set up a well functioning and accountable data system is an endeavor in futility (McGlynn, 2010). It cannot be done just like that, but healthcare policymakers can come up to regulation which the congress can consider liable to the healthcare sector. Computerized healthcare should be a top priority if this nation wants to achieve interoperability in their nation. Healthcare, in this 21st century, cannot be reconstructed without computerizing it. In order for hospitals to diagnose their patients on time, they need to incorporate computerized systems. It will help them in working fast (Kleinke, 2011). One of the world’s leading database vendors is Google Inc. Google, unlike other database vendors, comes up with innovations that other database vendors cannot create. They are considered leaders of everything (Boulton, 2012). According to research, the Google database system can overcome a majority of network latency issues in keeping and retrieving data globally across computers in the organization’s dozens of data centers. Google’s database system was intended to improve the organization’s services to businesses and consumers, but could also be offered as a service to clients using cloud computing to store their information, or even as a cloud-based information analytic engine. One of the advantages of Goodge’s database system is that data can be transported to other storage equipments and underutilized computing, and can be duplicated in computers across numerous data

Sherlok Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Sherlok - Essay Example Jams Watson, I feel taken a back into the 19th century, which I believe had the most intelligent human beings. Holmes’ intelligence is intertwined in his epic stoicism, sharp humour and encyclopaedic memory. I would like to focus on the plot because; the development of this story is boring. It is until one reads a number of the adventures that, the flow is realized. Holmes’s character and purpose in the adventures is realized when connecting the themes of all the Adventures and this is the sole reason of focusing on the plot of this piece of literary work. The part, when a helpless client enters to explain his mind on the determination of his case by the police. The presence of both the narrator and Holmes in the house and the subsequent events, that saw the narrator express his feeling of elucidating the most singular case, is a critical section in describing the narrator. It indicates his thinking ability, royalty and sincerity. I will like to talk about the time or periods, when the two primary characters carry out investigation of a case and take pleasure after work well done. For the case of investigation, I enjoy following Holmes apt investigative skills and the skilful ultimate interpretation (Arthur, 19). The second experience, the two characters enjoy by drinking and smoking. This indicates the other side of the two characters during leisure time. They do all sorts of things in a bid to enjoy themselves. The first experience benefits me, particularly when trying to imagine Holmes’ natural skills of investigation and solving cases (Arthur, 25). On the other hand, the second experience did not benefit me because of the reckless drinking and smoking, which indicates the bad side of the two

HMV PESTLE and SWOT Analysis

HMV PESTLE and SWOT Analysis 1.0 Executive summary HMV group a U.K giant entertainment company is one of the struggling firms that eventually succumbed to closure of its business operation in 2013. This report will explore the HMV company profile, current financial, positioning in the marketplace, current business model, competitive positioning and HMV target market. Why the company’s sales figure have dropped and how the company got into financial crisis that led to its closure in 2013. This report draws attention to the fact that in 1960s, HMV has a strong brand HMV is a major retailer that specialises in music, film, games and technology products, the organisation has been a top dog in the entertainment industry for many years now, prior to the rapidly evolution of technology advancement, which had affected and is still affecting the wider consumer behaviour in regarding to how music, film, games and technology products are being purchased by the consumers. With the rapid shifting of consumers onto online music / movie streaming distribution sites such as iTunes, Amazon, Netflix and so on, where does HMV fit in or how does HMV sustain in the current entertainment or music distribution market which is highly technological advancing and hyper competitive. It is therefore recommend that HMV needs to invest more in technologies to compete in the industry. 2.0 Company profile HMV Retail limited is U.K leading music and Entertainment Company, founded in 1921 on the street of Oxford in London. The success continues with the expansion and creation of the retail branch of the business from 1960s with over 239 stores in UK and Ireland and employing over 5000 staff before the closure of its business operation in 2013. Since HMV is been in operation â€Å"it has made music and entertainment available to its customers in every format imaginable: from sheet music and the earliest gramophone 78s to today’s digital downloads† http://www.hmv.ie/about-us In 1986 HMV Group is formed and the retailer looks to expand and open stores in Ireland and In 1999 HMV media launched an an e-commerce site. In 2002 HMV media went public on London Stock Exchange and changed its name to HMV Group. HMV experience competition from other competitors in the industry such as iTunes, Amazon supermarkets and others in the industry and with increase in illegal download it was necessary to invest in online business. In 2008 HMV launched its â€Å"social network â€Å"Get closer â€Å"which allowed users to import their own music library in a bid to rival online music stores iTunes and Napster† www.retail-week.com/hmv-timeline but prove unsuccessful and was closed in September 2009.. The business also piloted its refreshed ‘Pure Play’ loyalty scheme. HMV fail to respond quickly and compete against online music stores and the increase in illegal downloads the company suspend its shares in January 2012 and months later in April HMV is bought by Hilco for  £50 million and takes over the remaining 141 stores In January 2013 HMV went into administration with over 230 stores closed in UK and Ireland and over 4,000 jobs staff losing their job two months later a new HMV emerge under the new ownership of Hilco. â€Å"Today HMV trades from over 120 stores in the UK and fast rebuilding its presence in Ireland, an updated product mix, refreshed stores and new digital services together with a commitment to bring customers more exclusive in-stores† and experience than ever seen HMV regain its rightful place at the home of entertainment. www.independent.co.uk/news/business/news/hmv-closes-historic-oxford-street-store-9056780.html The current key executives of HMV are Trevor Moore (CEO) and Ian P Kenyon (Finance Director) http://www.bloomberg.com/quote/HMV:LN/profile 2.1 HMV financial status Decline Financial Status of HMV According to Whetten (1980a) financial decline happen as a result of company’s mismanagement or issues related to internal and external factors. The data below shows how HMV’s financial status started to nosedive from 2006 till 2012 which eventually cost HMV and the company went to administration 2013. 3.0 Competitors Analyses In recent years, thus with the massive influx of online music / audio distribution sites such as iTunes, Amazon, Hulkshare, Soundcloud, Torrent, Mixcloud and many more plus recently infamous Netflix, an online video/ internet streaming subscription services that enables customers / subscribers to rent and watch movies online in the comfort of their own home. In a way Netflix is more or less a movie rental provider, thus all the transactions between Netflix and the customers take place online.  Ã‚   HMV faces a huge challenge in sustaining in the current entertainment market industry in the foreseeable future, as the people’s way of doing things are drastically changing as a result of technology advancement, hence social media networks such as Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, Blackberry Messenger, Linkedn, Snapchat and many more social networks are developing and emerging on a daily basis. HMV is a physical entity which currently relies heavily on consumer consumption based on how many customers visit its shops and how large the customers purchases are, thus vast majority of people in today’s world actually live in a virtual world, they shop online, interact with friends or make new friends online, study online, bank online, gamble online, game online and more importantly people tend to view the online community as their main source of getting new music e.g. if Lady GaGa intends to release a new single, the quickest way to learn about this is on her Twitter page or Facebook page. Beyonce released her fifth studio album overnight and online on December 13th 2013 without no prior promotional fiasco or press releases, the album is exclusively available to be purchased on iTunes. Amazon â€Å"Amazon.co.uk, a subsidiary of Amazon.com, was launched in 1998. Today, the site provides fast, convenient service for customers in the UK and Ireland† www.amazon.co.uk/About-Amazon Amazon operates online business selling CD’s DVD’s games and books. Amazon adopts the cost leadership strategy their aim is to sell their product at a lower price compare to others in the industry. They have been able to main the cost leadership strategy due to selling purely online hereby saving money to maintain a physical store. Due to lack of physical presence where customer can go into the store and purchase their products Amazon continue to invest heavily in technology to make the shopping easier for their customers. However Amazon is losing a lot of customer especially the older generation who will rather go to store and purchase their goods. However they have been able to maintain their share in the market with their low cost leadership strategy and ease online shopping which has contributed to the massive increase in their sales. ITunes In 2004 iTunes store was launched in the UK serving UK and Ireland due to its huge success in the U.S. iTunes sold over 70 million songs in its first year in the U.S. â€Å"Apples online store is also more than just an online music service; there are other sub-stores too which offer music videos, audiobooks, movies, free, apps, and more† http://mp3.about.com/od/digitalmusicdelivery/tp/topmusicstores.htm. â€Å"Apples iTunes account for 67% of TV downloads, 65% of movies† Kevin Bostic. ITunes success has been attributed to online presence where customers are able to download a single track rather than buying an album or physic disk. ITunes target younger generation than any other in the industry making it easier for them to download music However it is not available for everyone which has greatly reduced its market share it’s only available to Apple device users i.e. iPhone, iPod and iPad. ITunes continue to face threats from Amazon, illegal music downloads and online free music downloads websites. Netflix Netflix was founded in 1997, started its subscription based digital distribution service in 1999 and has been very effective in the United States since then, thus after embarking on the Irish shore and The UK about two years ago, business has not been as usual for the DVD seller and rental stores such as HMV and thus also the likes of Xtra-Vison. â€Å"Digital claims over 50% of all UK music sales value in second quarter of 2013† Fiona Keenan. â€Å"HMV’s recent store closures have hit the high street retailer hard, with its number of shoppers almost halving in the latest 12 weeks compared with the same quarter last year and its market share dropping by 8.4 percentage points†(Fiona Keenan) HMV slipped from its position as Britain’s second largest entertainment retailer to fifth in second quarters as Tesco replaced it as the second largest entertainment retailer in 2013. Percentage share of the entertainment market (includes physical sales of videos, games and music and digital sales of music) 12 wks to 30 Sep 12 12 wks to 29 Sep 13 % change Amazon 18.3 20 1.7 Tesco 11.9 17.1 5.2 Asda 9.8 12.1 2.3 HMV 18 10.6 -7.4 iTunes Music 9.1 8.8 -0.3 Sainsbury’s 6.8 6.9 0.1 Game Group 5.6 6.2 0.6 Morrisons 2.9 2.9 0 Play 3 1.9 -1.1 Other 14.5 13.6 -0.9 http://www.levidepoches.fr/contagiousideas/2013/07/digital-claims-over-50-of-all-uk-music-sales-value-in-q2-2013-kantar-the-research-firm-based-the-sta.html Marketing environment of HMV An organisation must understand its environment if it is to exploit changing market conditions and target its market successfully. BPP (2010:87) this consists of both Macro and Micro environment, within the marketing environment an organisation needs to consider both macro and micro factors. PESTEL Political Government enforces law on how organisation run and responds to competition. Any changes in government policies Environmental protection laws Taxation policy and Employment laws will influence how HMV makes its decisions. In the UK the increase in VAT to 20% has led to decrease in sales of music and putting HMV under pressure Illegal download is a major problem and still continues till today. It is therefore a problem in the music and movie industry. Economics The current economic situation has huge impact on household, HMV decisions will be influenced by economic factors i.e. Unemployment has gone up in the past years people have less money to spend on non-essential items leaving them with little or no money to spend on entertainment. Customers now prefer to shop around for better deal therefore not loyal to a brand anymore. Customers now go online to see what HMV is offering and most go for cheaper options from competitors or even download illegally .HMV needs to find a way to be competitive in the market Social/cultural Social /cultural affects people’s values, perceptions and behaviours. Younger generations are more interested in media and social groups compare to older generation. Entertainment and music is becoming very important in our everyday life most specially the younger generations spending more on games and music. Market for DVD and CD is falling as customers are now turning to alternative such as MP3 players with more people storing music on their phones and laptops. Sales of CD and DVD have fallen massively as people now turn to downloads or streaming sites. HMV needs to understand what is going on in this constantly changing environment and try to market their product to meet the needs of this people. Technology Technology is very important in today’s market environment. Technology has given HMV competitive advantage in 2007HMV launch get closer which was launched via the media and in UK stores. The idea was for fans to discover content through the site and buy more music as a result. HMV also launch a download service through iOS and apps to tempt mobile users to purchase music while on the go. HMV also strike a deal with APPLE to allow users download song from the apps straight into their iPhone gaining competitive advantage over iTunes. Survey conducted by Entertainment Retailers Association (ERA) in 2012-2013 shows that digital download increase by 40%. Expanding into digital market gives HMV completive advantage to compete in the market with growing consumer demand. â€Å"In 2009 HMV partner with Curzon artificial to bring the cinema experience to HMV retail outlets across the UK a move which could deliver earnings of  £3m† www.theguardian.com. HMV needs to continue to invest heavily in online business and find a way to compete in the market as online market is continually growing driven by advanced internet technologies and secure payments. Online stores such as Amazon are offering customer’s competitive price due to cost saved running a physical store. Environment Government are putting pressure on organisations to become more responsible to the society by finding ways to reduce pollution and cut down their waste by introducing laws regulating environmental pollution to reduce environment damage and act in a way which benefits the society .People are becoming more conscious about the environment Millions of media disc are thrown away yearly with burning them leading to the release of harmful toxins leading to drive to recycle them. Larger capacity storage CD (album rather than singles) and DVD that can hold a larger amount of media are encouraged to reduce number of disc being made. Amazon is offering cloud drive and cloud computing which can be used to store music eliminating the need for hardware and storage device this is something HMV can do as well. Legal Illegal downloading and Piracy are important issues that have constrained the growth of legal digital channel and severely affected the sales of physical entertainment. There is mass distribution of illegal download product which undercuts the retail price that HMV and others are charging for their product. Until government measures and controls to reduce and eliminate copyright infringement are successful issues such as illegal downloading and piracy will continue. In 2010 the Digital Economy Act was made into law. It was introduced to regulate digital media in the UK, and to protect intellectual property and curb illegal file sharing. The passing of the Act into law was important for HMV, however its effect has been minimal as offenders of music and film piracy are rarely caught or face penalties. SWOT ANALYSIS Strength HMV has a well-known brand name with extensive market presence, since its opening in 1921 with Physical presence across UK, Ireland, Asia, Canada and USA. HMV has vast amount of experience in the music industry hence their relationship with music and film providers because they have been around for a while famous artiste/bands has recorded with HMV. HMV has both physical and digital presence in the market therefore sell to a broader market giving them competitive advantage over their competitors Weakness HMV lack direction and leadership in the past and during market structure change leaving HMV in debt. HMV was slow to react to change with low barriers to entry in terms of online sales. HMV is competing in an industry where physical sales are falling and profit is being reduced by intense competition in the industry, If HMV lower its price and improve its stores appearance they will have competitive advantage over others who are just present online Opportunities HMV need to invest more money on digital market to develop a world beating online presence as few people now go to stores to buy goods and competitors such as Amazon are ahead of HMV in online market if HMV wants to get back their market share they need to invest heavily in online market. HMV will need to improve on advertising to improve brand awareness and save its brand. HMV could also expanded further into international markets as there might be less competition compare to UK and Ireland market this could be more profitable. HMV could open more physical outlets around Ireland and UK currently they only focus on prime shopping district causing them to lose market in other areas There’s opportunity for HMV in cloud digital storage to keep up with competitors like Amazon. Joint ventures with other market i.e. supermarkets for market share growth. Opportunity in e-book and social network, in 2012 Sainsburys acquired HMV Groups shareholding in Anobii Threats The continued growth of technology, internet, and illegal downloads is a threat to HMV. It’s becoming more evident that customer’s wants goods provided from large numbers of services and it is complicated for HMV to meet these needs. There is also impact of recession on music industry people have less money to spend on entertainment and some are finding cheaper way to get their music hence downloading illegally. Illegal download is affecting the purchase of both physical media and online digital. According to Philip Beeching He explained, â€Å"The three biggest threats to HMV are online retailers, downloadable music, and supermarkets discounting loss leader product.† His warnings were ignored www.stratile.com Competition has been growing and continues to impact on HMV profits this Competition threatens to diminish HMV sales and market share as well as their profit. Competitors like Amazon, iTunes and Napster are taking over HMV’s market easily. Supermarkets continue to providing more service in a location that is usually far away from HMV stores to reduce this threats HMV can go into joint ventures with supermarkets. HMV failed to adapt quickly to today’s business model where more than 70% of music and video is bought online Technology is advancing at an exceptional rate and opening new paths of opportunities by helping organisation to compete in the market place and gaining the attention of their customers. E business is the new trend in the music industry, HMV has been slow to embrace the opportunity and competitors such as iTunes and Amazon were the first to set up online music market and took the lead in the market. HMV stores are under high pressure from music and DVD downloading, both legal and illegal. With stores across the UK Ireland, it reaches the more physical customers in the market. This multi-channel distribution would be a strong advantage for HMV if managed well. Security is an issue with online market HMV need to constantly monitor their website against internet threats customers wants to know that their details are protected when shipping on their website if customer know their website is secure this will generate more sales and any issue with security will be a disaster for the organisation.

Impressment of British Men and the Draft of the Vietnam War Essay

In this paper, I would briefly discuss the Impressment of British Men and the Draft of Vietnam War. I would present the similarities and differences of the two eras in answering the question â€Å"How are the two eras of Impressment of British Men and Draft of Vietnam wars can be compared and contrast? † In addition, I would also try to present some argument regarding these era. Impressment is defined as the enforcement of fitted but unwilling men through crude and violent methods (Britannica Corporate Site, 2007) or forcibly inducting men into military service or in navy. (Politics and Public Service Impressment, 2005) Impressment is more common on navy than on military service. Physically fitted men were forced to serve on ships to fill the crew complement and on military in times of conflict. Conditions in European navy and military were very hard were the navy and military men experience scarcity of food, brutal punishment, different diseases and homesickness. These conditions resulted to impressments of men because only few volunteer in enlistments and they really need manpower. And most of the times, men at ages 18-55 were in danger of this practice. Impressment goes this way. Strong sailors formed a press gang. It is usually headed by a ship officer who chose strong and ruthless crew. They were armed with sly tongues and clubs. They would wait for other ships where they first offer employment to sailors as an attempt to make them come willingly. If they don’t want to come, this is where they forced them. They grab men and experienced sailors to impressed forcing them on board the ship. Their targets are mostly poor and criminals, those who have least social power over them. (Alternative Canadian Heritage Moments) Some of the men seized by the press gang chose to jump off and leave the British ship. They choose to come to the American merchant marine who offers better pay and more comfortable positions and adopt also the American citizenship. British navy targeted the British deserters and searched any ship including the American ship. Supposedly, impressment should only be for British men. However, sailors from other nations, particularly in America were also seized because they look similarly to British men in appearance, clothing or language. (War of 1812) British men stop their ships at sea and since they were unable to get enough men, they wouldn’t believe any document as proof of their citizenship. (Smith, 2007) Once a man was impressed, he was offered choices of whether he would sign as volunteer and receive benefits and salary or just remain as pressed man and receive nothing at all. (Royal Naval Museum Library, 2001). The impressment of American by the British men is considered as violations to America’s sovereignty and maritime rights. Because of this, the Americans were really offended which resulted to war they declared against Britain on June 1812. At that time, British were engaged in the war with the Napoleonic Empire so they did not give that much attention to the United States complaints even after the declaration of war against them. But after taking some considerations they formed First Nations allies and campaigns to protect Canada. The allies and Canadian military worked together to stop the American invasion even if they are inexperienced in this field. (War of 1812) The practice of impressment in Britain was last used in 1803-1815 during the Napoleonic wars but the right of using it still retained. By the year 1853, some changes were made like giving a pension for the sailors who continuously served in the navy for a certain number of years. The changes made reduced the need of impressments until it died out the form it used to be since many men would volunteer already. (Royal Naval Museum Library, 2001) Drafting of men during Vietnam War or what we call conscription is similar in impressments of British men during the Napoleonic war. Conscription means the same as impressment which is forced service to the military force or any institution with established authority. So they are similar in the sense that the physically-abled and fitted men are forced to do serve in the military service. About 2. 2 million of approximately 8. 6 million men and 250,000 women who served the military during the Vietnam War era were drafted. In contrast to the Impressment where their way of avoiding it is escaping, the draftees could avoid the draft resistance by deferment, exemption or medical disqualification. (Seely) These two eras are also different in the process of getting unwilling men involved into military service. In Vietnam War, the draftees were chosen in deferment system in 1792 until it was changed into a â€Å"lottery† manner in 1863. The remarkable date of the first draft lottery is on December 1, 1969. This is a way of United States of drafting young men to fight the war in Vietnam. There are 366 capsules representing each day of the year. Inside the capsules were pieces of papers were draftee’s birthday whose age ranges from 18 to 26 is written. The birthdays are between January 1, 1944 and December 31, 1950. The drawing of these capsules is shown to the national television and broadcast on radios. Capsules were drawn one by one and the dates drawn were assigned a certain number depending on the order respectively. (CNN Perspective Series) The draftees were then called for duty still according to order that they were drawn until the number needed for military manpower is reached. Draftees would then undergo screening before they could actually be sent to Vietnam. Some might be rejected because of their physical and mental fitness or legal grounds such as conviction to crimes. (CNN Perspective Series) Still, because of draftees mass armies were raised at little cost and sustained the military force. But then discrimination was rampant making the draft controversial. This is obvious when the working class and the rich could pay money for $300 to avoid being drafted. (Gill, 2005) During the Vietnam War, the draft prepared can easily be tapped by the authority and send to war. That is why the war lasted for almost ten years. (Jahnkow, 2007) This conscription in United States ended in 1973 when Vietnam War ended and political oppositions to the draft started to progress. From getting draftees, military became a volunteer force when the US Congress abolished the draft. (Friedman, 2006). The issue of draft or constriction or impressments remains debatable between an individual concern and a national society security concern. When we practice democracy of choosing what you want, we cannot deny the fact that the manpower needed by the military forces of the nation is not enough and volunteer enlistment remains low. Others argue that one who enjoys the security offered by the country’s army forces owe not only their property but their service to the nation. Many people who talk about renewing and bringing back the draft believes that the US armed forces need more members to serve and defend the country. (Gill, 2005) On the other hand, some argue that a military group or army consists of volunteer citizens would be a more effective armed force. Since they volunteer their dedications to work can be expected. There is also a big probability that they will stay in the service for a long time. The time supposedly be used in constriction would then be used in practicing and developing military skills. Moreover, there is less morale problems. (Friedman, 2006) Some say there’s no more need of draft because of the technologies used in wars today. The military needs professionals and not just men who have combat skills. Another argument is that of expanding the reserve corps and activating them in times of conflicts rather than recruiting through constriction. At least, reserve corps was trained with the military skills needed for an effective troupe, something that a draft could not provide. Generalizing the research I’ve made regarding the two eras of Impressment of British men and the Draft of Vietnam War, I guess history would repeat itself if in the present the legislators will consider reviving the draft or impressment for the armed forces. Let’s say they approved draft or impressment, there will also be protests, rallies and riots from the people to stop it. This would mean another conflict within the country. And more lives will be sacrificed for this matter. Taking into consideration the national security concern on the other hand, we can also see the need of recruiting and getting more men involve in the military and armed forces. But as some people are saying, there could be a better way of doing it so than renewing the draft and impressment practices of the 1700s. With this I want to quote Rich Janhkow, a member of Committee Opposed to Militarism and the Draft, in the article he wrote Muddled Thinking About Conscription. He said, â€Å"People who are now advocating a draft need to be challenged to look more carefully at the facts and consider the full, global implications of what they are proposing. Otherwise, they may eventually get what they are asking for, which would come back to haunt us all† (Jahnkow, 2007). Bibliography Alternative Canadian Heritage Moments. (n. d. ). Retrieved August 27, 2007, from Alternative Heritage Moments Project: http://www. opirg-carleton. org/alt-khm/ pmwiki/pmwiki. php/Main/Impressment Britannica Corporate Site. (2007). Retrieved August 26, 2007, from ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA ONLINE: http://www. britannica. com/eb/article-9042221/impressment CNN Perspective Series. (n. d. ). Retrieved August 27, 2007, from CNN interactive: http://www. cnn. com/SPECIALS/cold. war/episodes/13/the. draft/ Friedman, G. (2006, November 21). A Fresh Look at the Draft. Retrieved August 28, 2007, from STRATFOR: https://www. stratfor. com/offers/061109-MCA/280234. php? ref=061109-MCA&camp=06 Gill, K. (2005, June 27). US Politics. Retrieved August 28, 2007, from Military Conscriptin, Recruiting and The Draft: http://uspolitics. about. com/od/electionissues/a/draft. htm Jahnkow, R. (2007, January 21). ZNET. Retrieved August 28, 2007, from Muddled Thinking About Conscription: http://www. zmag. org/content/showarticle. cfm? SectionID=51&ItemID=11909 Politics and Public Service Impressment. (2005). Retrieved August 26, 2007, from us history. com: http://www. u-s-history. com/pages/h456. html Royal Naval Museum Library. (2001). Retrieved August 27, 2007, from Royal Naval Museum: http://www. royalnavalmuseum. org/info_sheet_impressment. htm Seely, R. A. (n. d. ). A Further Flight. Retrieved August 27, 2007, from givewings. com: http://www. givewings. com/writings/essays_on_war/vietnam. html Smith, S. (2007). wiseGEEK. Retrieved August 27, 2007, from Conjecture Corporation: http://www. wisegeek. com/what-is-impressment. htm War of 1812. (n. d. ). Retrieved August 27, 2007, from galafilm: http://www. galafilm. com/1812/e/background/brit_impress. html.